Similarities and Differences Between Chinese and Korean Classical Gardens from a Cultural Perspective

Abstract

Chinese and Korean classical garden spaces exhibit significant similarities and differences from a cultural perspective. Chinese classical gardens aspire to an ideal state of natural landscapes, incorporating profound Feng Shui theories into their design. Korean classical gardens emphasize the concept of "nature and ecology," focusing on functionality and practicality while utilizing the local geographical environment for landscape creation. The garden design philosophies of both countries share common ground, such as the pursuit of a harmonious state with nature, and there are also similarities in the architectural elements of classical gardens. However, in the humanistic ideas reflected in royal gardens, there are notable differences between China and Korea: Chinese gardens are more reflective of Confucian ideals of moderation and ritual order, while Korean gardens, influenced by a combination of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, emphasize harmony between nature and humanity. Comparing the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean classical gardens offers a deeper understanding of the cultural connotations and heritage connections in garden design in both countries.